Why have I been asked to join the event again?
A guest session lasts 24 hours and covers one event, so it lapses overnight and does not carry across to a different event.
Your guest session lasts 24 hours. If you come back the next day to look at the gallery, you will be asked to join again — scan the code or open the link and you are straight back in.
A session also covers one event only. Joining a friend's wedding does not give you access to anything else, which is deliberate: it is the mechanism that stops a link for one event opening another.
Clearing your browser data, switching to a different browser, or opening the link on another phone all start you fresh for the same reason.
If you only want the photos you uploaded, you do not need a live session on this same phone for 30 days after your first successful upload — see Can I download the photos I took?. Joining again on a new phone will not bring those photos with you — see What if I change phones?.